Everything about The Druzhba Pipeline totally explained
The
Druzhba pipeline (; also had been referred as the
Comecon Pipeline) is the world's longest
oil pipeline, it carries oil some from southeast
Russia to points in
Ukraine,
Hungary,
Poland, and
Germany. The name "Druzhba" means "friendship", alluding to the fact that the pipeline was intended to supply oil to the energy-hungry western regions of the
Soviet Union, to its "fraternal socialist allies" in the former
Soviet bloc, and to western
Europe. Today, it's the largest principal artery for the transportation of Russian (and Kazakh) oil across Europe.
History
On
18 December 1959, the 10th session of the
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), held in
Prague, adopted a decision and an agreement was signed on construction of a trunk crude oil pipeline from the USSR into Poland, Czechoslovakia, GDR and Hungary. Each country was to supply all necessary construction materials, machinery and equipment. In 1962, first oil reached to Czechoslovakia, in September 1963 to Hungary, in November 1963 to Poland, and in December 1963 to GDR. The whole of the pipeline was put into operation in October 1964. The first oil pumped through the Druzhba pipeline originated from the oil fields in Tatarstan and Samara (Kuybyshev) Oblast. In 1970s the Druzhba pipeline system was further prolonged at the expense of parallel lines.
Route
The pipeline begins from
Almetyevsk in
Tatarstan, southeastern
Russia, where it collects oil from western
Siberia, the
Urals, and the
Caspian Sea. It runs to
Mozyr in southern
Belarus, where it splits into a northern and southern branch. The northern branch crosses the remainder of Belarus across
Poland to
Schwedt in
Germany. In Schwedt the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the MVL pipeline to
Rostock and
Spergau.
The southern branch runs south through
Ukraine. In
Brody the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the
Odessa-Brody pipeline, which is currently used to ship oil from the Druzhba pipeline to the
Black Sea. In
Uzhgorod the pipeline splits into lines to
Slovakia (Druzhba-1 - original Druzhba route) and to Hungary (Druzhba-2). The line trough Slovakia is divided once again near
Bratislava: one branch leading in a northwest to Czech Republic and the other going southward to
Hungary. The Druzhba-1 pipeline branches off toward Hungary at
Ipeľ, crosses the Hungarian border at Dregelypalank and leads to
Százhalombatta.
The
Mažeikių refinery in
Lithuania and
Ventspils oil terminal in
Latvia are connected to the main pipeline by the branch pipeline from
Unecha junction in
Bryansk Oblast. This branch has ceased operation in 2006 and isn't likely to become again operational.
The part of Druzhba pipeline system, which runs via Belarus, is long. The length of the pipeline in Ukraine is, in Poland in, in Hungary, in Lithuania, in Latvia, and in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic together around .
Techical features
The Druzhba pipeline currently has a capacity of 1.2 to 1.4 million
barrels per day. Work is currently underway to increase this in the section between Belarus and Poland. The pipes of the pipeline varies from to .
Druzhba Adria
The Druzhba-Adria Pipeline Integration Project is a proposal to extend the pipeline to pass through
Hungary and
Croatia to reach the
Adriatic Sea at the deep-water port of
Omišalj.
In the first phase, the Croatian portion of the Adria pipeline will be reconstructed from the
Sisak pumping station to Omišalj harbour. The Croatian company
JANAF is responsible for the design of the initial project phase, to reverse the phases of the Adria pipeline (which currently carries oil from the port inland) on the Sisak-Omišalj portion.
The proposal was touted by the Croatian president
Stipe Mesić but it has also garnered a lot of negative press due to complaints from the
environmentalist groups such as Eko
Kvarner.
Schwechat–Bratislava Oil Pipeline
Schwechat–Bratislava two-way oil pipeline project was proposed in 2003. It would allow to supply the OMV owned Schwechat Refinery from the Druzhba pipeline.
Baltic Pipeline System-2
The Baltic Pipeline System-2 (BPS-2) is a planned pipeline, which is proposed to run from the
Unecha junction of the Druzhba pipeline near the Russia-Belarus border to the
Primorsk oil terminal at the eastern part of the
Gulf of Finland. The throughput capacity of BPS-2 will be 50 to 75 million tons annually. The project was proposed after the
oil dispute between Russia and Belarus, and it was approved by the Russian government on
21 May 2007.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Druzhba Pipeline'.
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